Understanding Autism Through Shaun Murphy from The Good Doctor

1. Social Communication Difficulties

Shaun often struggles to understand social cues and the subtleties of human emotions. He may misinterpret sarcasm, body language, or tone of voice, leading to misunderstandings with colleagues and patients. This difficulty in reading social situations is a common trait among individuals with autism.

Shaun’s direct and literal communication style often comes across as blunt or insensitive, though it is not intended to be. In one memorable scene, Shaun informs a family about a patient’s critical condition in a factual, unemotional way, which contrasts with the expectations of empathy and reassurance that are typical in such situations.

This portrayal of social communication challenges is one that many people with autism, particularly those with more verbal abilities, might relate to. It highlights how social norms can sometimes be difficult for individuals with autism to navigate, even when they possess exceptional talents in other areas.

2. Sensory Sensitivities

Throughout the series, Shaun demonstrates heightened sensory sensitivities, such as being overwhelmed by loud noises or bright lights. In one episode, we see Shaun become agitated in a noisy and chaotic hospital environment, which is an experience that many individuals with autism share. Sensory overload can be deeply distressing for some people with autism and can make certain environments difficult to tolerate.

The Good Doctor effectively shows how these sensitivities can impact daily functioning. It helps viewers understand that environments that seem “normal” to neurotypical individuals can be overwhelming or even painful for those with autism.

3. Routines and Predictability

Shaun’s character thrives on routine and predictability. Like many individuals with autism, he becomes anxious when plans change unexpectedly or when he is forced to navigate unfamiliar situations. For example, when Shaun’s daily routine is disrupted, it leads to increased anxiety and challenges in performing his job effectively.

This need for routine is common among individuals with autism, as predictable environments can help reduce anxiety and create a sense of security. Disruptions to routine can be jarring and require time and strategies for adjustment.

4. Focused Interests and Savant Syndrome

Shaun’s savant syndrome allows him to focus intensely on certain areas—specifically, his medical expertise. His exceptional ability to remember details, visualize complex anatomy, and diagnose rare conditions with precision are all hallmarks of his savant skills. While only a small percentage of individuals with autism also have savant syndrome, this portrayal sheds light on the exceptional talents that some people with autism possess.

However, it’s important to note that while savant syndrome is often dramatized in media portrayals of autism, it is relatively rare. Most individuals with autism do not exhibit savant-like abilities, but they may have other specialized interests or skills that are equally important to their identity and contributions.

5. Emotional Expression

One area where The Good Doctor has drawn some criticism is in Shaun’s emotional expression. He is often portrayed as having difficulty understanding or expressing emotions, which is not uncommon among individuals with autism. However, some critics argue that this portrayal reinforces the stereotype that people with autism are emotionally detached or incapable of empathy.

In reality, individuals with autism experience a full range of emotions, but they may express them differently than neurotypical individuals. While Shaun’s emotional expression is often understated or misunderstood by those around him, it is clear that he cares deeply for his patients and colleagues.

Accuracy and Limitations of Shaun Murphy’s Portrayal

While The Good Doctor has been praised for bringing autism into the spotlight, there are both strengths and limitations in its portrayal of Shaun Murphy’s character.

Strengths:

• Increased visibility: One of the biggest benefits of the show is that it brings autism into mainstream conversation. For many viewers, Shaun Murphy may be their first exposure to a character with autism, which can foster greater understanding and empathy.
• Highlighting the spectrum: Shaun’s character demonstrates that individuals with autism can achieve high levels of success, even in demanding fields like medicine. This challenges the misconception that autism is solely a disability that limits potential.
• Portraying real challenges: Shaun’s struggles with communication, sensory overload, and anxiety are common experiences for many individuals with autism. The show does a good job of illustrating how these challenges can affect daily life.

Limitations:

• Not representative of all: Autism is a spectrum, and Shaun’s character represents only one experience on that spectrum. Some viewers may incorrectly assume that all individuals with autism have savant abilities or face the same challenges, which is far from the truth.
• Stereotypical emotional detachment: While Shaun is shown to care about others, the show sometimes leans on the stereotype of individuals with autism being emotionally distant or unable to form meaningful relationships. This is not accurate for all people on the spectrum.

What We Can Learn from The Good Doctor

The Good Doctor offers an important opportunity to learn about autism, but it should be viewed as one portrayal among many. The show opens the door to conversations about neurodiversity, acceptance, and the contributions that individuals with autism can make to society. It also encourages viewers to reflect on how they interact with individuals who think, communicate, and experience the world differently.

For families, educators, and professionals working with individuals on the autism spectrum, The Good Doctor serves as a reminder that everyone has unique strengths and challenges. Understanding autism requires a compassionate and individualized approach—what works for one person may not work for another, and recognizing these differences is key to fostering inclusion.

The Role of ABA Therapy in Supporting Autism

While television shows like The Good Doctor provide fictionalized accounts of autism, real-life interventions such as Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy offer practical, evidence-based support for individuals on the spectrum. ABA therapy focuses on improving communication, social skills, and behavior management, helping individuals with autism lead fulfilling lives.

At Blue Jay ABA, we understand the diverse needs of individuals on the autism spectrum. Our personalized approach to ABA therapy is designed to help each individual reach their full potential, building skills that promote independence and success in daily life. Through tailored programs, we support individuals in developing the communication, social, and adaptive skills they need to thrive.