Understanding Sensory Issues in High-Functioning Autism and How to Manage Them

Imagine walking into a brightly lit grocery store, where fluorescent lights flicker, the hum of refrigerators buzzes, and the beeping of cash registers echoes around you. For some, it’s just a regular shopping trip. But for someone with high-functioning autism, this experience could feel like an assault on the senses—overwhelming, disorienting, even painful.

Sensory processing plays a huge role in how we interact with the world, and for individuals with high-functioning autism, these experiences can be heightened or muted in ways that impact their daily lives. While high-functioning autism is often associated with strong cognitive and language skills, sensory sensitivities remain a major challenge.



 Let’s explore what these challenges look like and how they can be managed effectively.

The Link Between High-Functioning Autism and Sensory Sensitivities

What is High-Functioning Autism?

High-functioning autism is a term used to describe individuals on the autism spectrum who have average or above-average intelligence and strong verbal abilities. While they may excel academically or professionally, social interactions, sensory processing, and emotional regulation can present significant hurdles.

It's important to note that "high-functioning" doesn’t mean someone doesn’t face challenges—it simply means they don’t require the same level of support as someone with more profound autism traits. Sensory sensitivities can be just as intense, and in some cases, even more distressing because they may not always receive the accommodations they need.

Why Do Sensory Sensitivities Happen?

Sensory processing differences occur because the autistic brain interprets sensory input differently. Think of it as having a radio with the volume stuck on high or too low—some signals come in too loud, while others are barely noticeable. This can affect:

• Sight: Bright lights, flashing screens, or certain color contrasts may be overwhelming.
• Sound: Everyday noises, like sirens, school bells, or a room full of chatter, can be unbearable.
• Touch: Clothing tags, specific textures, or light touches might feel painful.
• Taste & Smell: Certain foods, perfumes, or cleaning products can be overwhelming or even nauseating.
• Balance & Body Awareness: Difficulty sensing where their body is in space, leading to clumsiness or the need for deep pressure (like tight hugs or weighted blankets).

Understanding these differences can help create more supportive environments for individuals with high-functioning autism.

Recognizing Sensory Processing Differences in High-Functioning Autism

Hypersensitivity: When Everything Feels "Too Much"

Hypersensitivity means an individual experiences sensory input much more intensely than others. Everyday sensations can become overwhelming, triggering anxiety, discomfort, or even pain.

Common Signs of Hypersensitivity:

• Avoiding bright lights or loud environments
• Startling easily at unexpected sounds
• Struggling with certain fabric textures or clothing tags
• Being highly sensitive to temperature changes
• Refusing specific foods due to texture or taste

Real-Life Example:

Elsa, a 12-year-old with high-functioning autism, avoids the school cafeteria because the mix of smells, chatter, and fluorescent lights gives her headaches. To manage, she wears noise-canceling headphones and eats lunch in a quieter space.

Hyposensitivity: When More Stimulation is Needed

Hyposensitivity means an individual has a reduced response to sensory input, requiring more intense stimulation to register sensations.

Common Signs of Hyposensitivity:

• Seeking out deep pressure (hugs, weighted blankets)
• Not noticing injuries or pain immediately
• Engaging in repetitive motions like rocking or spinning
• Enjoying strong flavors or crunchy foods
• Frequently touching objects or people for sensory input

Real-Life Example:

Louis, a 9-year-old with high-functioning autism, often crashes into furniture and chews on his shirt sleeves. His therapist introduces sensory-friendly alternatives, like a weighted vest and chewy necklaces, to help regulate his sensory needs.

Managing Sensory Overload in Different Settings

At Home: Creating a Sensory-Friendly Space

• Use dimmable lighting and avoid fluorescent bulbs.
• Set up a quiet corner with soft textures and weighted blankets.
• Provide noise-canceling headphones or calming background music.
• Offer fidget toys or stress balls to help with self-regulation.

At School: Supporting Sensory Needs in the Classroom

• Allow flexible seating (e.g., standing desks, wobble cushions).
• Minimize loud classroom environments or provide "quiet zones."
• Use visual schedules to reduce anxiety about transitions.
• Offer sensory breaks for students who need time to reset.

In Public Places: Navigating Sensory Triggers

• Plan grocery trips during off-peak hours to avoid crowds.
• Carry sunglasses or hats to reduce bright-light exposure.
• Identify quiet spaces in malls, parks, or restaurants for breaks.
• Use weighted backpacks or compression clothing to provide grounding pressure.

Professional Support for Sensory Processing Challenges

Occupational Therapy (OT)

OT helps individuals develop coping strategies for sensory sensitivities, using techniques like deep pressure therapy, sensory diets, and proprioceptive exercises to improve regulation.

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Therapy

ABA therapy, offered at Blue Jay ABA, helps children with high-functioning autism manage sensory challenges by teaching self-regulation skills, promoting independence, and encouraging communication about sensory needs.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT can help autistic individuals manage sensory-related anxiety by changing thought patterns and introducing relaxation techniques to cope with overwhelming situations.

Conclusion

Sensory processing challenges can make daily life overwhelming, but with the right strategies and support, individuals with high-functioning autism can thrive. Understanding sensory needs, creating autism-friendly spaces, and using tools like sensory breaks, fidget toys, and noise-canceling headphones can significantly improve comfort and well-being.

At Blue Jay ABA, we specialize in helping autistic individuals manage sensory sensitivities through evidence-based ABA therapy. If you’re looking for expert guidance and personalized support, reach out today to learn how we can help.

Let’s create an environment where every individual can feel safe, comfortable, and empowered to be themselves!

FAQs 

Sources:



• https://familydoctor.org/condition/sensory-processing-disorder-spd/
• https://www.autismspeaks.org/sensory-issues
• https://childmind.org/article/sensory-processing-issues-explained/
• https://dibs.duke.edu/news/high-functioning-autism-symptoms-diagnosis-and-support/
• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3071047/